Which of the following best defines a tort?

A tort is best defined as a civil wrong that leads to legal liability. This definition is significant because it emphasizes the nature of torts as actions or omissions that cause harm or loss to another party, thereby creating a legal obligation for the party at fault to compensate the injured party. Torts are distinct from criminal acts, as they are typically addressed in civil court rather than through criminal prosecution. The essence of a tort lies in the violation of rights and duties within private law, which may include various types such as negligence, intentional infliction of emotional distress, or defamation. Understanding this definition is crucial for grasping the foundational concepts of tort law, including the elements required to establish liability and the potential remedies available for victims.

The other choices refer to different legal concepts. A request to a higher court for review pertains to an appeal process, a document outlining the terms of a contract relates to contract law, and the power of a court to make decisions refers to judicial authority. None of these options encapsulate the definition of a tort as accurately as the correct choice does.