What does "in camera" refer to in legal proceedings?

The term "in camera" specifically refers to proceedings that are conducted in private or secret, away from the public eye and often without the presence of the press. This practice is typically employed to protect sensitive information, to ensure the privacy of the parties involved, or to maintain confidentiality regarding certain evidence or discussions that are not suitable for public disclosure. Judges may call for in camera sessions to discuss matters that could affect the fairness of a trial or when public disclosure could harm individuals' rights or interests.

In stark contrast, public court proceedings are open to anyone who wishes to attend. Trial by jury refers to a specific method of adjudicating legal disputes, where a group of peers renders a verdict. Evidence gathering refers to processes involved in collecting information for use in a legal case, which can involve various procedures but does not inherently imply confidentiality like "in camera" does.